Friday, November 29, 2019

Montaigne Essays - Philosophy, Epistemology, Epistemologists

Montaigne Montaigne in his Apology for Raymond Sebond begins his exploration into the human capacity for knowledge with this belief that only though God can one achieve true knowledge. God is the only infinite, all seeing, being with divine wisdom. He is not subject to the laws and rules of the human domain, and he exists in a realm outside of human comprehension. God is an unchanging, permanent being, and only from this state can the concept of truth propagate. Montaigne believes that the one tie that binds all truth is this idea of permanence. Montaigne even states, ?Truth must be the same everywhere? (xxvi). He insists that the only product of humanity that has withstood the test of time and has not changed since its inception was the Catholic Church. The dogma of the Catholic is categorized as, ?What has been held always, everywhere by all?. The strength in the Catholic faith comes from its static nature, which provides a source of truth for humanity. Catholic truth is in strict conformity with the existence of God, and knowledge can only come from an almighty source. Montaigne goes on to say that, ?No creature ever is: a creature is always shifting, changing, becoming.? Man embodies the idea of impermanence. He is fragmented, does not have divine reasoning abilities, and has a finite amount of time allotted to him. Human reasoning, which creates the concept of knowledge, is in direct confrontation with the qualities of truth. Plato Aristotle, and Sexius Empiricus all conceded the fact that when it comes to the human being, there is no exact standard of truth. All humans view the concept of truth differently, and thus, it can only be associated to an opinion. Like wise a mortal man cannot know everything there is to know about a certain being, or structure or thing. He cannot possibly know the inner workings of such thing only through the use of his senses, he can only for his own opinions. Opinions in a finite domain are susceptible to different interpretations and uncertainty, and what is true for one person does not necessarily have to hold true for another. Thus, the concept of truth derived by man is ridden with inconsistencies, all of which are in direct violation with the very definition of truth. Since the building block of human knowledge is this flawed truth, then human knowledge itself is flawed. Simply put, the concept of human knowledge is false and consequently knowledge cannot exist. Knowledge is just an opinion taken for the truth, and can be seen as only one side in an ever evolving story. Just think of what we considered the book of human knowledge today. No matter in what aspect of life one considers whether it be math, physics, biology, history, or computer science there is never really any truth. The book of knowledge is rewritten daily as new opinions enter the foray, and will never be as static or held as high as divine truth. Although we have established the fact the knowledge cannot exist from the human standpoint, it is this concept that all of mankind believes in most deeply. From a man's perspective, it is our knowledge, which sets us apart from the rest of the animal kingdom. The fact that we can communicate to each other the knowledge of our thoughts and ideas is the dividing line between man and beast. However, Montaigne is in strict disagreement with this rational and believes the only the inese sense of vanity displayed by all humanity separates men from the rest of the animals. Montaigne flatly states that, ?That of all vain things, Man is the most vain; that a man who dares to presume that he knows anything, does not even know what knowledge is? (Montaigne 13). He characterizes man as being the most vain of all his creatures because he clings to this notion of knowledge and that though this attainment of knowledge he perceives himself as enlightened. Montaigne then shows the absurdity of this claim by taking a hypothetical situation in which Man is in isolations with not outside help and stripped of the ?grace and knowledge of God? those things that are his power and the very

Monday, November 25, 2019

buy custom Humanities Paper about the Parthenon

buy custom Humanities Paper about the Parthenon The Parthenon Building Introduction Parthenon is in the list of the worlds most famous buildings. It got built in honoring the goddess (virgin Athena) Athena Parthenos, who was the patroness of Athens. At first, the temple got named the Great temple, but later on - Parthenon. It was built as a temple that got surrounded by columns. It had decorations with the gigantic sculptures and also reliefs. The pediments alone had 50 sculptures. Most of the sculptures that survived got kept on display in London, at the British Museum. So as to have visual perfection, the Parthenon creators decided to use optical refinements to defy the perspective laws. Most people label the Parthenon as one of the finest buildings the world has ever seen (Jenkins 78). However, this statement appears to be a veritable irony, putting into considerations the flaws that the building has. This essay discusses the flaws that Parthenon has, concluding that it is not one of the finest buildings in the entire world.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

WTO effect on Taiwan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

WTO effect on Taiwan - Essay Example (Antkiewicz, 2004) In other words, the more internationalized the financial markets and the more liberalized the capital account, the more challenges the autonomy of monetary policy have faced. In fact, financial internationalization underlay both the Latin American financial crisis happening earlier and the East Asian crisis a few years ago. Experts and scholars, by drawing important lessons from financial crises, have, retrospectively, advocated a progressive approach rather than an aggressive one to financial internationalization. They have singled out relaxation of capital account controls as the bottom-line defensive measure and have even viewed a certain degree of re-regulation as necessary in the aftermath of financial liberalization and internationalization. (Cai, 2005) By doing so, the negative impact of rapid and large-scale international capital movements on a countrys economy can be minimized. Generally speaking, financial liberalization includes cross-border flows of funds, personnel and commodities. In addition to opening the capital account, it also includes expanding offshore business, establishing foreign exchange call-loan markets, and allowing foreign bank operations and branches. The following phenomena, which are independent in itself but not exclusive of each other, illustrate the connotation of financial internationalization: 1) The restrictions on the currency exchanges and other international financial activities of residents and non-residents (including individuals, corporations and financial institutions) are relaxed Domestic banks are allowed to establish overseas branches. Domestic corporations can raise funds by issuing corporate bonds overseas or by investing overseas. Foreign banks and corporations are also permitted to conduct reciprocal financial businesses locally. (Weixing, 2006) 2) International capital movements

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Case Study Analysis Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Study Analysis - Annotated Bibliography Example He also argues about the issue of organization and how it affects public administration. In this book, Bekkers et al (2006) tried to look at the problem of innovation and how it relates to public administration. The authors look at the process of innovation in the context of IT. They relate this to the use of IT in the public administration and how the technology can be used to create collaboration between the public and government. This book was important in this study with regard to understand the issue of technology and how it could be used to enhance public services. Denhardt (2011) looks at public administration departments as an organization and then tries to apply the theory of organizational learning. What he is trying to identify is if the government departments can acquire a learning model. The author also looks at the various models that can be used for public administration. The author looks at some of the most effective ones, especially in light of organizational learning. This book was very useful in this study because it provides a new dimension of organizational learning to the debate of effective public administration. Fang (2002) looks at the issue of government and how technology has assisted in the delivery of services by the government. Ho looks at both the upside and the downside of things with regard to IT technology in delivery of public services. This journal article is especially important as a source of information on how the challenges of using technology in the implementation of public administration. Garson (1999) tackles the issue of information technology in the context of public administration in the following regard. One, he tackles the issue of contemporary technology in public administration. More importantly, the book discusses the issue of information privacy with regard to the use of electronic service delivery. This is important in understanding how IT relates to public administration and many challenges

Monday, November 18, 2019

Needs of people with disabilities in Health and Social Care Assignment

Needs of people with disabilities in Health and Social Care - Assignment Example The principal test folks of youngsters with ASD face are the conclusion itself, which can bring disaster, nervousness, annoyance and an inclination that life has been uncalled for, as stated by Webmd. "You don't need to child yourself about how hard it is," said Robert A. Naseef, Ph.d., a clinical clinician in Philadelphia, the writer of the book "Uncommon Children, Challenged Parents," and the father of a become child with extreme Autism. As he educated Webmd, "The great thing concerning getting a conclusion is that then you get a heading in what will help your youngster. More often than not, when children get the right help and begin making advancement, their guardian's state of mind lights up and you have some trust once more." Â  An alternate obstacle for folks is the strain having a youngster with such far reaching needs puts on the family unit. Naseef noted to Webmd that pressure can enter relational unions on the grounds that managing a mental imbalance is so expending and he urges couples to attempt to set aside a few minutes for their marriage. One proposal he has is having an "in-home" night out, so that folks don't need to stress over getting a sitter, and appreciating a calm supper and film after the children have gone to bunk. An alternate trouble for families might be the way kin feel dominated by the needs of the youngster with extreme Autism, keeping in mind some have the capacity to structure a nearby relationship, others may lament the passing of a commonplace mate.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

The Process Of Time Table Construction Computer Science Essay

The Process Of Time Table Construction Computer Science Essay The process of time-table construction can prove to be a hectic task considering the number of cohorts [courses] and the modules [subjects] offered by a specific university. This is mainly because, there could be a deadlock in allotment of the schedule considering all the constraints to be satisfied .This requires logical thinking which definitely consumes a large amount of time. Moreover, identification of the inconsistencies and their respective solutions can prove to be disastrous. Initially , the task of time table scheduling was done manually .This proved to be troublesome ,error-prone and time consuming .To overcome these problems , automated exam time-table generation has come to light. With a wider range of choices available to the students in the selection of modules [ subjects ] and cohorts [ courses] of their choice , the flexibility of the University improves but at the same time , the task of time-table creation becomes merely complicated .However , a software which can consider all the constraints and cross faculty modules [latter includes the modules taken by students from various faculties]as well , is of immense help. Thus ,the scientific society has given considerable attention to automated time-table generation from the last four decades .One of the most primitive ones used the concepts of one or more of the following operational methodologies network flow techniques reduction to graph coloring integer programming direct heuristics and more The latest technology uses advanced techniques like expert systems which work on the concept of artificial intelligence, logic programming which uses languages like Prolog, constraint logic programming and generic evolutionary algorithms .However , there is no universally accepted language for time-table creation. Several attempts have been made to formulate one but these are left incomplete. In this software , the constraint satisfaction is 99% .Moreover , the interface developed is use friendly where in the user doesnt have to enter the names of the cohorts and modules which he wishes to opt for as he can just select the same from the drop down lists . WHAT IS CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION? Constraint satisfaction was first introduced in artificial intelligence .This is a logical problem solving language merged with a programming language which is used to solve a given problem with a specific set of constraints. This deals with the assignment of certain values to the variables while meeting certain conditions. It is represented as a set of variables Xi and a set of constraints Ci where each constraint specifies a subset of variables and an allowable combination of these. In this project some of the main constraints which are to be considered are as below: Students belonging to different cohorts but studying a common module must have the exam on the same day. No two modules of the same cohorts can have their respective exams on the same day One of the soft constraints is that no two exams of the same cohort must be on the same day Thus, these are satisfied before the software is deployed .The techniques used in constraint satisfaction are purely dependent on the constraints. Constraints specific to a finite domain are solved using search strategies in the form of backtracking or local search. Constraint propagation is yet another technique which is used but however is sometimes incomplete. That is it either solves the problem or proves and declares it unsatisfiable .These methods are combined with the search strategies to simplify the process. There are many constraint programming libraries which can be included in this project. Since Java is the platform we develop the project on, Choco is an appropriate library which can be easily used with Java programming .it is an event based propagating system with backtrack structures. More on Choco is discussed in the later sections on the report. BRUTE FORCE TECHNIQUE: Brute force technique is a process of finding the result by taking all the possible inputs i.e., a trial and error process. If a taken Input yields the correct result then it is treated as the correct input. If not then it goes for the next input until we get the correct result. We can consider knapsack problem as an example of a brute force technique. Knapsack problem generally means a bag which should be filled with weights that should yield maximum profit. The most implicit constraint of knapsack problem is to maximize profit with minimum weight. Let us say there a four types of materials as follows gold , silver , platinum and bronze with profit values of 1000,10,2000 and 5 and weights of 2,3,4,5 .Thief want more profit with his minimum capacity bag let us say it can fit 5.So he applies the brute force technique to get maximum profit.First he fills the bag with gold which weights 2 and then goes for silver which weights 3 here the bag is full and yielding the profit of 1000+10=1010. Now he tries of another combination i.e., he selects platinum which weights 4 and now the rest of the bag is only one so he can select the  ½ part of gold which weights 1 thus the bag is filled with yielding 2000+500=2500 .In this manner different combinations are tried until the max profit is yielded. CHAPTER 2 Aims and Objectives The manual process of generating exam timetable by taking all constraints into consideration is very much time taking and difficult process. So the main aim of this project is to build a software tool to create exam timetables for a university or a school and the application should be user friendly and should satisfy all the constraints. The brief explanation of this is as follows: First analyze the manual process in developing exam time table that is following in schools and universities. This analysis helps us in developing the software tool. After analyzing the manual process we should make a list of all possible constraints which should be satisfied by the developed system. We should identify all the constraints that should be satisfied by our developed system and we should analyze them which is helpful in developing the software product. To gain an understanding of constraint satisfaction tool like choco which we are using in the development process. The developed product should be user friendly, so that user can use the system easily. In AUTOMATED EXAM TIME TABLE product the user should input the cohort name and module name. Instead of typing the entire cohort and module name we should put a dropdown list where user selects from it. By this we can eliminate the incorrect typing. The developed product should satisfy constraints like two exams of the same year of both semesters should not be on the same day. Every student should get their exams on alternate days only. All such type of major constraints should be satisfied by our product. MOTIVATION: Most of the people are interested in playing chess. By playing chess we can improve our concentration power. We have an idea of creating code for playing chess. As chess is played by two players one player is automated and another player plays manually. Here constraint satisfaction is used because there are certain conditions like elephant should have only straight moves, soldier should have one step straight move etc., we have to design our code by satisfying these conditions. Our program is used by the player in the absence of his partner. This player makes use of graphical user interface to opt his plots against other player which makes use of our code. So here artificial intelligence is used. This idea motivated us for designing automated examination time tabling software. FEATURES: Exams are scheduled such that no two exams are overlapped for the same student. Students are informed in case of any changes in the examination schedule like postponement, or preponement etc. User can save data so that he can view the application if he reopens it again. Students are allotted examination halls in a proper way so that a single student is not allotted in two different rooms. Proper allotment of staff in examination halls. Student can post his problems regarding exams. User can add modules to this software if they are relevant to this software. KEY TECHNIQUES JAVA PROGRAMMING JAVA is the language which has many features like multithreading, platform dependent, simple, robust, object oriented etc. Java is portable and performance levels of it are too high. Java concepts are very simple and understandable. Exceptions are also perfectly managed by Java. Database connectivity, GUI, IO packages is the main concepts due to which we go for java programming. CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION PROGRAMMING USING CHOCO CHOCO is a java library which is mainly used for constraint satisfaction. CHOCO is based on events which have the capability of backtracking. It can be used for many purposes like teaching, researching etc. So by using this constraint satisfaction programming we can develop the exam time table perfectly. ORACLE DATABASE FOR DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL Database is a collection of entities. Data is a collection of similar raw information. Data is represented with the help of views or tables. View is not a physical entity. It is the representation for shadow of tables. Oracle database is mainly used for data storage and retrieval. That is data is stored in a place and in future if we want that data we can easily retrieve it. For developing the exam timetable in a university the above three key techniques are very very important and by using these techniques only the development processing of timetable can be done perfectly. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS There are two types of system requirements software and hardware. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Based on the operating system many things may depend. So selection of operating system plays very important role. WINDOWS XP operating system is the most appropriate operating system for software requirements of developing exam timetable. Oracle 10g relational database management system is also one of the software requirements. For developing the JAVA code My Eclipse Tool is the most suitable software requirement. For constraint satisfaction programming the preferred version is CHOCO 2.1.0. These are the minimum and most important software requirements for developing exam time table. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS The processor required is Pentium 111 processor with 800MHz. Oracle database 10g and Java code developing tool must be on run mode at the same time so 1GB RAM is required. 20GB HDD also required as hardware requirement. These are the minimum and most important hardware requirements for developing exam time table. CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS Existing System: The timetable management of a university was initially done normally by using some primitive methods and algorithms. The planning is made by a group of people and the timetable is fixed after certain negotiations. The university needs to set the timetable for each and every student separately and then finalize the whole timetable. The Timetable that is prepared by the Examination department of that institution needs to be sent in atleast 45 days advance to all the departments of the university and concerned affiliated colleges also. There are some issues regarding the timetable preparation. They are The students belonging to different departments will have the subjects related to their course. The subjects may be in common for certain branches. So the timetable designer needs to have a proper idea regarding the date and time of the examinations making sure that the same subject to different departments is conducted on the same day and at the same time. This reduces the extra effort for preparing different sets of question papers and ensuring the same complexity of the paper. A subject may be completed in advance by certain departments and there might be certain students who had failed that certain subject. The students who have failed in the regular examinations are given a chance for writing the supplementary examinations in the next semester. There is a chance of anomaly that the regular examination of the current semester and the supplementary examination for the previous semester may fall on the same day and same time. So the timetable adjustment must be flexible in such a way that no student misses any of the examinations. The regular student needs to have at least a day gap in between the examinations so that he can get ample amount of time for preparation for the next examination. The availability of the invigilators also needs to be checked before scheduling a particular examination. The staff members who are not assigned any class work at that time are to be taken and the schedule for a particular staff is to be prepared. The subject that is opted by maximum number of students is to be held as the first examination itself. The reason behind this is that, if the subject that is opted by maximum number of students is conducted at the last then there would be a problem in validating the answer scripts. So overcoming all the above mentioned issues is a hectic task. The timetable designer needs to have an idea regarding all those issues. The time taken by an individual to overcome all the above issues may take a few months of time. Proposed System: The proposed system of timetable management is rather a key solution for all the above mentioned issues. It gains its importance in eliminating the potential risks that are involved in the process. We can give certain number of constraints as the input and the schedule is prepared considering the constraints. The software is flexible enough for the users to enter the starting and the ending date of the examinations, the names of the students and their respective departments are present in the database and the details are retrieved accordingly. The result of the examination is automatically stored in the database for the preparation of the next semesters timetable. The proposed system is considerably quicker and more efficient. CHAPTER 4 SOFTWARE TOOLS DISCUSSION 1.CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION: We have a lot of constraints which need to be imposed and satisfied in our project. Basically CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION can be defined as the process of finding a solution to a set of constraints that impose conditions for which the variables must satisfy. In general terms, a solution is the set of variables that satisfies all the constraints.This can also be defined as the outcome of constraint satisfaction 2. CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION PROBLEM(CSP): A CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION PROBLEM(CSP) is defined by a set of variables each having a specific domain and also a set of constraints each involving a set of variables. These constraints restrict the values that the variables can take. A CSP performs these two tasks simultaneously. Now coming to the solution to CSP, it is just an assignment that maps every defined variable to a value. There may be cases where you may want to find just one solution, all possible solutions or an optimal solution based on the given objective function in terms of variables. A general constraint problem consists of the following: A set of variables A={a1,a2,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.an} For each variable ai, a finite domain set Di of its possible values. D={D(a1),D(a2),à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.D(an)}. A set of constraints to restrict the values that the variables can take. C={C1,C2,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Cj}. 3. CONSTRAINTS SOLVER: Now we need a constraint satisfaction tool to solve the considered constraints. This tool can be combined with any other programming languages like C,C++,JAVA etc. This tool is nothing but the constraint satisfaction libraries . As we move on with the java programming in our project, different constraint satisfaction java libraries available are given below: Choco JaCop Qstudio Avaya Aptana JCL Koalog From above mentioned java libraries, we use choco in this project. Choco is based on an event based propagation mechanism with an additional feature of backtracking structures which adds to its supremacy. This gives clear difference between modeling and solving a problem. 4. CHOCO: Choco is an open source software implemented in java program that is widely used for constraint programming and constraint satisfaction. General Features: Choco provides problem modeler that handles a variety of variable types that are integer variables real variables that holds an interval of floats. expressions using variables with the many operators like +, -, /, * and etc. Chocos modeler supports 70 constraints some of them are listed below Arithmetical constraints (integers or real): equal, not equal, greater or equal, less or equal. Refined constraints i .e Boolean operations between constrains. It will verify the relation for a set of variables by defining the sets of tuples in the table constraints. Constraint Programming Solver: Constraint programming solver provides The different types of various domains implementations will be done (enumerated, bounded, integer variables). For constraint propagation several algorithms were implemented (parameterized cumulative, full and bound all different, state-of-the-art AC algorithms for table constraints) Chocos Design: Chocos design provides clear separation between modeling and solving. In the modeling the problem will be expressed and variables and relations are defined. The verification for variable constraints for their potential implementation is done. The API is provided that facilitates how to state a problem as user friendly. In the solving phase, the problem solving is done by Constraint Programming and related information is provided. It handles specific memory management for variables and tree-based search. 5. JAVA: We use choco constraint java library to build the tool. By embedding choco java library with the java programming we create the required exam timetabling tool. Java provides us many features which augments security and has many advantages: Java is designed in such a way that you can easily write the code and debug the code. Java uses the concepts of automatic memory allocation and garbage collection. As java is an object-oriented programming language, it allows objects to work together. The code written in java is reusable. Java is platform independent. This is developed by keeping security in mind. Java augments todays web with security and reliability. Because of these features we use java programming in our project. But we need an INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT(IDE) to develop a java application. Lots of IDEs are available. In this project EXAM TIMETABLING with CONSTRAINT SATISFACTIO we use MyEclipse IDE. 6. MyEclipse IDE: MyEclipse is a commercially available JAVA EE and AJAX IDE. This is created and maintained by the company GENUITEC. This is built on the eclipse platform. This integrates proprietary and open solutions into the development environment. MyEclipse incorporates open standard technologies to provide a development environment for J2EE, XML, UML and databases. This is an open source IDE to which you can add external jars. MyEclipse allows you to save the valuable time on debugging environment. By using MyEclipse, it is easy to edit and debug the environment. MyEclipse comes with two versions: a professional and a standard edition. The standard edition adds various tools and a number of other features to the basic Eclipse Java Developer version. CHAPTER 5 SYSTEM DESIGN The development process of the Automated Exam Timetabling tool for a University, we use Choco 2.1.0 version which is implemented using Java Programming. The different tasks which are going to be implemented in the process of developing this application are Designing Graphical User Interface(GUI). Data Calculations. Timetable. Choco tool for Constraint Satisfaction. Step1: Designing Graphical User Interface (GUI) This process includes only Graphical User Interface part, that consists buttons, Tables, Dropdown lists and etc. These controls are arranged in the proper order to display them. Look and feel will be implemented in this process. Step 2: Data Calculations Data Calculations part consists of code which results the final output for the Schedule of Exam Timetable. Here we implement the code with logic that works like selection of exams to be held in alternative days. Here we consider all exams of particular course and prepares a logic for Exam Timetable that includes Supplementary and Regular Exams. Step 3: Timetable Timetable process involves in the creation of a schedule that sets the examinations are allocated into venues with limited capacities within an examination period. This includes the following methods. We cannot schedule a session where one student cannot taken two examinations in the same session. The venues capacity should not exceed from the total number of candidates writing the exam in a schedule. Step 4: ChocoSolver ChocoSolver is a java library for constraint programming and constraint satisfaction. Choco will define all the variables of time tabling problem that includes the Constraint Definitions Candidate Information Venue Information Examination information Exam Session particulars. User has to enter constraints and changes to the exams related to the particular exam or venue. Defining the Constraints This program will allow the users to define all necessary constraints according to the exams. The different duration should be separated for all examinations . The examination time and venue of a particular batch should be held in particular date. Venue Partitioning This process considers the number of faculties and venues. Invigilators are allocated to particular venue for the examinations. User interface is provided for the assignment and manipulation of venue partitions to the faculties. In venue partitioning the following points are considered in the Choco Solver The number of students in a venue should not exceed more than the capacity. The sufficient invigilators should be allocated for the each examination hall. The attendance sheet should be provided to the invigilators to confirm the candidate is attended or not. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED AND THEIR PROPOSED SOLUTIONS: Scheduling an exam time table is very difficult and time taking task because there are many constraints that should be satisfied for ex: at least one day gap should be there in between two exams so that student gets time to revise, there should not be any other exam on the same day which collides with the present exam, room allocation, staff allocation, invigilator allocation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Etc. All this problems are solved in this project, this project saves a lot of time, this helps to schedule exam time table in more user friendly manner. Proposed System: In this project user can add any module to any cohort by using dropdown menus. Mostly we are not sure about the starting date of exams, but in this application user have chance to select the starting date of examinations. Sometimes same module may be shared by some cohorts. In this case we are going to create new time table for the module shared by different cohorts on the same day. So that time can be saved and number of invigilators can be reduced. Some student may have supplementary exams. This supplementary exam and regular exam should not be on the same day or on the consecutive days. Separate schedule is created for these supplementary exams or those should be held with next intake students. This application allows user to add modules to a cohort by using drop down menus. The user can also make changes to the selected modules list. As per the date, schedule and cohort selected by user examination time table is created. As the user is allowed to choose options from drop down list provided, problems that occur due to typing mistakes can be decreased. Application development and deployment: The steps involved in the development and deployment of application involve Formulating the data interpretation scheme that is sufficient to handle all the requirements of the problem converting all data available to data interpretation scheme Next step is developing the scheduling algorithm that is used to schedule the exams. The application should support the numerous last minute changes during its development and deployment easily. Application Uses: The following are the benefits of Automated Exam Timetabling The initial implementation of program requires a lot of time for data entry and constraint specification. We can reuse the database of previous exams for next exams. Assuming that the constraints are specified correctly, the application should produce the schedule that is conflict free. We can schedule the exam timetable in a short span of time. We can make last minute changes in a short span of time. Shortening the exam period can make the expenses spend on conducting the exams (such as buildings, staff, etc.,) come down. The application benefits from its three tier architecture design. Conclusion: Automated Exam Timetabling software is used to schedule the university exam time table. This is reduces time and complexity involved in scheduling the exam time table manually. This document explains about the space and time complexity involved in scheduling the exam. The application developed is user friendly and it is used to give a graphical look and feel to the user for accessing and entering the information. Automated Exam Timetabling provides all the features that are required for scheduling the exam time table. Implementation of this software at different universities reduces the cost in terms of money and time. Future Uses: Automated Exam timetabling can be extended to schedule the university class time table and school time table School Timetabling: This application is used for scheduling the timetables for weekly classes at higher schools. University Timetabling: This application is used for scheduling the lectures of students of different modules in a university such that they prevent students and lecturers from double booking.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Roman Republic Essay -- History, Republican Government, Politics

The Roman Republic began approximately around 509 B.C. when the nobles drove the King and his family out of Rome. This monumental incident helped shape the start to the transformation of the monarchy into a republican governmental system. This is known to have begun by that of the Roman nobles trying to hold their power that they had gained. The Republic was â€Å"[a] city-state [which] was the foundation of Greek society in the Hellenic Age; in the Hellenistic Age, Greek cities became subordinate to kingdoms, larder political units ruled by autocratic monarchs† (Perry 105) This new Republican government, which was administered by the consuls, was not the easiest to transform. Because of the expansion in Italy, the government began to initiate political institutions. These institutions enforced laws and provided authority which were very similar to imperium. â€Å"The Romans had a clear concept of executive authority, embodied in their word imperium, or â€Å"the right to command† (Spielvogel 117). Since the Romans were very sensible in their actions, they made and implemented them only as needed. The most essential positions held were the few elected magistrates and the two consuls who were â€Å"chosen annually, administered the government and led the Roman army into battle† (Spielvogel 117). If the consul was otherwise occupied, either a dictator or praetor would assume responsibility for the time being. Due to the constraint of the plebeians, the council of decemviri â€Å"was created with the task of regularizing and publishing the laws† (Spielvogel 118). The outcome of this was the creation of the Twelve Tables, published around 450 B.C. which only â€Å"led to further agitation from the plebeians† (Spielvogel 118). The benefits of this were t... ...uing the belief in various gods and goddesses. After the expansion of Rome they started developing other forms of deities based on Greek culture, basically meaning â€Å"Greco-Roman† religion. Although many religious cults that were connected to Rome including Greece were often accepted, many were banished. Families were the basis of Roman society while the dominant males-paterfamilias, â€Å"held absolute authority over his children† (Spielvogel 129) and others in his household . Roman citizens were classified with three names to differentiate them from other families, but women were usually only known by one. â€Å"Females shall remain in guardianship even when they have attained their majority†, (Spielvogel 119) upper-class women were never granted true freedom, but they started making breakthroughs and found ways around the â€Å"guardianship† of the males in their households.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Impact of Christianity in Australia Essay

* The proportion of Christians in the Australian population continues to decline. * Internationally, the proportion of Christians in developing countries is tending to increase, whereas the proportion of Christians in developed countries generally is decreasing. * This paper first provides a brief overview of the current Australian demographic data and trends in relation to Christian denominations and other religious groups over the past 100 years. * Based on Christianity’s past contribution to Australian society, it then posits a framework for a way forward to contribute to the current and future issues and problems confronting Christianity in Australian society. * Christianity had a significant impact on education and public morality in Australia whin the years of 1788-1900. In relation to public morality, I discuss the significance that the Christian church had on Australian society in the 1800’s by the establishing of the Temperance movement as well as several other actions involving education. * While Christianity played a crucial part in all aspects of Australian society throughout the pre-federation years 1788 to 1900, it had a significant impact on education and public morality. * The influence of Christianity in education was evident through the establishment of a separate education system and, in public morality the formation of the temperance movement as well as other actions. * Education was greatly influenced by Christianity during 1788 through to 1900. Settlers concerned to leave religious divisions in Britain believed that ties between church and state should be eradicated and that churches be supported by their own followers. * Subsequently, with numerous denominations supporting this idea, concerns were partly met by the granting of financial aid to the major religious groups, including the Church of England. * Individuals churches used this aid to maximise its religious and educational influence. * Governor Bourke later extended the state financial aid and attempted to introduce government schools based on the national system in his native Ireland. * However, non-Anglican Protestants, who had formed in 1835 a society for promoting schools where the Bible would be a basis for general education, insisted on its wider use in the proposed national schools than was permitted in the Irish system. * Catholics supported the Governor’s proposal which further angered the Protestants. The successive alliance between the Anglicans and the Protestant denominations favourably brought about an anti-Catholic move to condemn concessions to a religious minority at the expense of national school systems based on the religious teachings of the Bible. * In the past, Christianity has made a sustained and valuable contribution to Australian communities. * To focus on the changing religious demographics in Australia may be discouraging for many Christians, but Christianity again can make a valuable contribution to contemporary societies – if its attention is focussed on the community and not on itself. * This paper proposes that Christians learn from the past and, rather than introspectively focussing on maintaining the two first positions described above, accept the third position and engage with existing communities by utilising communal practical life-style Christian principles. * Perhaps from this new perspective, Christianity will become relevant and re-invigorate the traditional (Christian) Australian values as Described by Linder (2006), values of justice and a fair go, self-sacrifice for the good of the community, mateship based on selflessness, and neighbor love.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Free Essays on Greeks

The Greeks in the 4th, 5th, and 6th centuries B.C. were creative. Unlike the societies before them the Greeks emerged as a group of people not remembered for their building designs, but rather for their creative ideas they created about life, society, and philosophy. The ideas they created would go on to spark a revolution in thinking that had never been done before in past societies. As a result from this new wave of thinking many philosophers is more important in Greek society than Homer. Homer reflected Greek ideas in his writings of the Iliad and Odyssey. The ideas in these books would go on to influence the society in which arà ªte (manliness) would become a very important virtue to the Greeks. Homers Odyssey is an epic adventure that follows the adventures of Odysseus. Odysseus is a man that encompasses all the characteristics of the ideal man in Greek society. These Greek ideals of a man include physical prowess, courage, fighting ability, personal honor, and protection of one’s family and property. Each of these virtues becomes apparent in the readings of the Odyssey. The Odyssey is also the story for the coming of age of Odysseus’s only son Telemachus. In the Odyssey Odysseus’s only son Telemachus finds himself to stand courage against the many suitor who pursue his mother, and their family riches. Chapter 2, and 3 embark young Telemachus on a journey to find the fortune of his fathers’ disappearance. In the beginning of chapter 2 young Telemachus is overwhelmed by the persistence of the suitors to marry his mother. Telemachus then proposes to the suitor that he will embark on a journey to find his fathers where about. Telemachus proposes that if his father is dead, than he will allow one of the suitors to marry his mother. However if he finds out that his father is still alive then he will wait for another year for his father to return, and if he does not he will then wed one of the suitors to his mother... Free Essays on Greeks Free Essays on Greeks The Greeks in the 4th, 5th, and 6th centuries B.C. were creative. Unlike the societies before them the Greeks emerged as a group of people not remembered for their building designs, but rather for their creative ideas they created about life, society, and philosophy. The ideas they created would go on to spark a revolution in thinking that had never been done before in past societies. As a result from this new wave of thinking many philosophers is more important in Greek society than Homer. Homer reflected Greek ideas in his writings of the Iliad and Odyssey. The ideas in these books would go on to influence the society in which arà ªte (manliness) would become a very important virtue to the Greeks. Homers Odyssey is an epic adventure that follows the adventures of Odysseus. Odysseus is a man that encompasses all the characteristics of the ideal man in Greek society. These Greek ideals of a man include physical prowess, courage, fighting ability, personal honor, and protection of one’s family and property. Each of these virtues becomes apparent in the readings of the Odyssey. The Odyssey is also the story for the coming of age of Odysseus’s only son Telemachus. In the Odyssey Odysseus’s only son Telemachus finds himself to stand courage against the many suitor who pursue his mother, and their family riches. Chapter 2, and 3 embark young Telemachus on a journey to find the fortune of his fathers’ disappearance. In the beginning of chapter 2 young Telemachus is overwhelmed by the persistence of the suitors to marry his mother. Telemachus then proposes to the suitor that he will embark on a journey to find his fathers where about. Telemachus proposes that if his father is dead, than he will allow one of the suitors to marry his mother. However if he finds out that his father is still alive then he will wait for another year for his father to return, and if he does not he will then wed one of the suitors to his mother...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

The Threat of Overpopulation on Mass-Production Essays

The Threat of Overpopulation on Mass-Production Essays The Threat of Overpopulation on Mass-Production Paper The Threat of Overpopulation on Mass-Production Paper However, beyond a certain point, which is defined as overpopulation, diminishing returns might set in and these advantages Of a argue population will vanish. In 1 990, the world population was 1. 6 billion people, currently a total of approximately 6 billion people inhabit the earth and this number is projected to reach 16. 4 billion, more than double todays population by the year 2060. As the population continues to explode, many researchers and theorists fear that Earths carrying capacity will be met in the near future, and if the predictions come true, it will be tragic and devastating for many. The problem of overpopulation is an issue that faces societies around the world and is not just increasing steadily, but exponentially. The problems of Overpopulation come with many social, economical, environmental issues. Although problems of overpopulation cannot necessarily be prevented and eliminated, technology is being used to help improve the situations. In this essay, I want to focus the attention on the threat of overpopulation to managements ethos of mass-production and mass-consumption by using three illustrations. In the following discussion, I will first examine the negative consent ounce of resources shortage and the environmental degradation, which are the most direct effects caused by overpopulation to mass-production and mass-consumption. This will be followed by the threat of the rising unemployment and social unrest to management. The 3 illustrations I want to use are the overpopulation in China, India and Australia respectively. With just over 1. 3 billion people, China is the worlds most population country, taking up roughly 25% of the worlds population. Specifically, for every kilometer, approximately 139. 6 people are living in the radius. Overpopulation has been such a problem that China has confined each couple to bear only one child. However, In the next few decades, India, he worlds second most populous country is expected to surpass China in population. Also, Indians high population growth is not only focused on the poor sections of society but also results in sub-standard conditions for growing segments of the Indian population. The last illustration is Australia, as it is regard as a last frontier by many people because it has a relatively small population of just over 1 8 million people together with vast amount of mineral wealth and resources. Is Australia is not safe from the challenge of overpopulation, then who can be? In the following analysis, will use the sever honeymoon caused by overpopulation in these three countries to illustrate the threat of overpopulation on current management. Scarcity of resources and environment degradation It is obvious that overpopulation results in mass-consumption in a large extent. The average level of consumption is very high and a majority of people consume a large amount of goods and services. In addition, mass- production is in reality the process of utilizing more energy and resources to increase the productivity and efficiency. To put it simply, the more inhabitants living in the earth, the greater the need. Because of overpopulation, people consume more, putting increasing strains on the resources that sustain mankind. However, those resources fail to deal with the burgeoning demand. In the following, will analyses the effect of the shortage of two major resources, namely, food and energy, due to overpopulation, on mass- production and mass-consumption. Assessment of food shortage One of the main consequences of overpopulation is an increasing total demand for food. Specifically, insufficient growth in agricultural production may seriously harm the mass-production of the sector of agricultural, induce argue scale hunger and malnutrition in the poor region, and even jeopardize the social economic development of the entire society. For example, India prides itself on having been self-sufficient in food production for decades, but the fact is that India has 16. 8% of worlds population but only 2. 42% of the land area and 4% of water resources. According to the International Food Policy Research Institutes 2011 Global Hunger Index, it ranks 67 out of 81 countries and has more than 200 million food-insecure people, the most in the world (Bureau Report, 2012). What is worse, according to EUNICE, a third f the worlds malnourished children live in India and overpopulation seems to be one of the main reasons (World radio, 2012). Another example is the rapid population growth in Australia, triggering a process of land use to less and less and even to intensification. Also, because of the rapid growth in population, urban area considerably spread to farmland and natural areas, which affect the quality life of residents and reduced the functional capacity of natural resources (Socks, 1 996, 117). There is no doubt that the sever consequence Of above examples are the result Of overpopulation. In order to tackle the problem of food shortage, one of the goals is to increase food and land production. And there are two methods to achieve these objectives, through extending cultivated land acreage as well as through increasing yields. However, both ways require a vast amount of investment in land development and irrigation. This put great threats on the mass-production of agriculture. Because rather than by increasing land productivity, most of the underdeveloped countries have until now responded to overpopulation by increasing more land acreage under litigation; but the problem is that there are not enough arable land and most of countries have already exhausted the supply of arable land, therefore, they are facing a sudden need to increase yields, which is regard as significantly more difficult due to insufficient money ability to invest in technology to improve the land productivity. This great threat, challenging the mass-production in agriculture, probably explains why the developing countries are losing the capacity to feed themselves. In turn, this threat will ultimately result In a society of mass poverty, which is contrary to a society of ass-consumption. Assessment of scarcity of energy Another consequence of overpopulation is energy shortage. The abrupt increase in oil price, natural gas and coal, and the difficulty of discovery of new energy sources signal that energy supplies were virtually exhaustible. For instance, in China, most major cities are facing power cut as the energy demand peaks; therefore, most of the factories are force to stop pumping out goods. India is another nation facing energy crisis. Insufficient of energy, such as coal, oil and natural gas, require India to import increasing amount of expensive fossil fuels, which haven taken toll on the Indians economic development. Also, in order to protect their domestic consumers from the global high cost of energy, most of the state-run energy companies are racking up billions of dollar in losses by selling relatively low price fossil fuel. From the example above, we can see that the increasing demand of energy drive up prices of energy and raw materials and put pressure on ports and transportation lines. Thus, most of the energy-consuming factories have to save energy by reducing the energy intensity and improving energy efficiency. The high price of input and a wide margin for saving energy, again put a great threat on the mass-production of factories. Factories face a dilemma of balancing the energy conservation as well as the increased efficiency in the use of energy and the industrialization and the development process, which require a great consumption of power. From the assessment of the shortage of food and energy, we can conclude that given present zooming consumption rates and the estimated increase in these rates because of overpopulation, the real per capital cost of providing people with a multitude of goods and services based on natural resources, such as water, food, raw materials, fossil fuels and so forth, will inevitably and markedly increase. What is worse,. Continuing population growth and the endless search for economic development have contributed to the environmental damage. In addition, environmental degradation may be imposed by the scarcity of natural resources As Australias cities continue to grow, they are facing an increasing problem in disposal of solid waste. According to State of the Environment Advisory Council, each Australian produces 681 kilograms of garbage per year, while his figure is 513 kilograms in other industrial nations. Handwriting (1996) pointed out that New South Wales, the most populous state in Australia, is facing an environment crisis due to a growing mountain of tires being dumped on native bush land and private farming properties. Unscrupulous operators are dumping or burying more than one quarter of the five million tires Worn Out in New South Wales each year on secluded bush sites or leased private properties. There is no doubt that most factories and companies have to deal with the environmental problem and of course the government will tackle the environmental pollution by fining the manufacturers and make more environmental constraints on them. Therefore, Taking into account of the scarcity of resources and environment degradation, entrepreneurs suffer rising input prices such as land prices and price of raw materials because of the smaller amount of the resources and the difficulty to gain assess to the resource. This, In turn, manifests in higher price for goods and service, which consumers suffer from. This violates the low cost purpose of mass- production. As a consequence, overpopulation puts a great threat on impasses, which focusing on mass-production to survive and even make profit in the competitive market. They have to invest considerable amount of money and energy into tech oenology to cut the cost of the entire process of the mass-production and increase efficiency in order to achieve the leading position on the market. This will further exacerbate the competitive threats in the market. In addition, the society of mass consumption is the result of a higher purchasing power, as well as of social struggles for a better share of the production benefits. However, due to overpopulation, the price level rises ND then the future purchasing power of money will go down and people are difficult to gain the benefit of mass-production. This also goes against the purpose of mass-consumption. Increasing unemployment rate and social unrest Overpopulation not only put great threat on the higher input prices for mass- production and on the difficulty of investing in technology to cut price and increase efficiency but also put great on sever social issues, such as increasing unemployment rate and social unrest. Because of overpopulation, the competition for available jobs is tremendous. According to the latest World Development Report by the World Bank, Indians youth unemployment was 9. 9% for males and 11. 3% for females in 2010, while, in 1985, the figures were 8. % and 8%, respectively. The rising youth unemployment rate, is virtually 50% more than the national average, or total unemployment rate (Skunk, 201 2). This figure is shocking. Another example of growing unemployment is the immigration problem in Australia. In Australia, immigrant, who mainly contributed to the rapid of population growth in Australia, adverse ly influence the unemployment issue. The increase in immigration create the excess supply of labor and hence unemployment. The immigration minister Chris Evans said he would decide whether to slash Australias migrant intake if the unemployment was continuously rising. Thus, it is clear that because of overpopulation, the supply of labor excess the demand, which cause unemployment. This either forces down the real wage or the real wage rigidity. If the real wage falls, the disposable income will decrease as well. And because of the higher prices for goods and services caused by the shortage of resources, People do not have sufficient income to arches a great amount of goods and services, greatly challenging the ethos of mass-consumption. As a result the ethos of mass-production is likely to be impaired, as mass-production in fact is backed by mass-consumption. In terms of social unrest, low income employees might strike in order to strive for higher income, leading to great social unrest. In addition, the conflicts between Pakistan and India on water resource are especially sensitive since both highly-populated, fast growing countries have nuclear weapons. This is one of the social problems exacerbated by a resource limitation because of overpopulation. It is no doubt that all the social unrest will jeopardize the usual operation of many factories and companies, and is therefore eventually challenge the ethos of mass-production and mass-consumption. Conclusion In sum, the stress and strain caused by overpopulation is actually so tangible that resources are mercilessly exploited to cater to the ever-increasing needs of growing population. Also, the the external environmental costs of population growth are pervasive and cumulative, as for each small incremental increase in population, there will be a large incremental impact n the environment since much of what is left is marginal and sensitive to disturbance. The increasing demand for the scarce resource and environmental degradation caused by overpopulation, result in the high price for input and producing goods. This surely goes against the low price purpose of mass-production. What is more, manager are difficult in finding feasible solutions to solve the high cost of operation and to solve the situation of low- consumption, caused by high-cost products and low real income. Also, the high unemployment rate and increasing social unrest caused by overpopulation impede the normal operation of production. We should know that he rapid rise in world population is not creating problems only for the developing countries.

Monday, November 4, 2019

To Build A Strong Brand Within The Fashion Industry Essay

To Build A Strong Brand Within The Fashion Industry - Essay Example The essay "To Build A Strong Brand Within The Fashion Industry" explores how to build a strong brand in the fashion industry. The adoption of multiple case studies design in the analysis is because the design produces more compelling evidence than single studies, in addition to providing stronger basis for construction of the theory. Zara is a Spanish retailer of clothing and accessories that is part of Inditex group with its base in Arteixo, Galicia. Since its debut in the fashion industry, the company has risen to the top and is currently one of the main stakeholder brands in fashion worldwide. Contrary to the fashion industry product development period of six months, the company has found efficient production processes that enable it to come up with a new product and release it to the store shelves in just two weeks. This has been one of the key strategies to its growth worldwide. With such an approach, the company has so far won the war of transferring its production aspects to l ow cost countries like China that is currently the wide trend by top fashion brands in the industry. The company currently has a large distribution network with 1751 stores worldwide trading as Zara and an extra 174 doing business as Kiddy’s class stores; the company’s branch for children’s clothing. The company sells 50% of its products within Spain, 26% in other European counties with the remaining 24% destined for Asia, Africa and the rest of the world. Table 4.2.2 shows how Zara has succeeded in building its brand name.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Classical American Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classical American Literature - Essay Example Taking advantage of the portrayal of Whitman's amorous love aching to a steam engine Lawrence resembles him to a lifeless, cruel mechanical device with no feelings. Referring to "Song of myself" where Whitman's openness to everything is given Lawrence appears judgmental. He resembles him to a mush, rather than a self; a mix of flesh and blood, a confused personality rather than a clear-minded person whose death has sucked individuality out of him. Lawrence contents Whitman could not talk of sympathy since he could not get out of his personality to feel any other feeling or sensation. Emulating the situation of one's position Lawrence would merely act as if he lived the sensation. Caught up in his own view of the world, the Oneness, Whitman thought he knew sympathy. On his poems Democracy, En Masse, One Identity, where Whitman again refers to allness as everything being part of a unit and the unit being everything, it is again assumed that everything is part of the unit without having understood the uniqueness of each part or what is this part of the unit. Whitman assumes everyone and everything to be member of this unit and as his self is also part of it then everything is part of him.